PFAS in firefighting foams: the EU sets new limits under REACH

The European Commission has adopted Regulation (EU) 2025/1988, amending Annex XVII of the REACH Regulation, to introduce a new restriction on the use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in firefighting foams. The measure represents a key development in the EU’s regulatory framework, reinforcing its long-term objective to phase out non-essential uses of PFAS due to their persistence in the environment and potential health risks.

Why PFAS Are a Concern

PFAS are a broad class of synthetic substances valued for their water and grease resistance but heavily scrutinized for their bioaccumulative nature and environmental persistence. Increasing evidence on their long-term risks has prompted the EU to take a progressive approach to restricting their use - especially in critical applications like firefighting.

Main Provisions of the New Restriction

• Starting 23 October 2030, the placing on the market and use of firefighting foams containing ≥1 mg/l of PFAS (total) will be prohibited.

• Exemptions apply to sensitive sectors such as:

  • Civil aviation
  • Offshore platforms
  • Military and civilian maritime uses
  • Portable fire extinguishers
  • Industrial sites subject to the Seveso Directive
    These sectors benefit from extended deadlines, with some exemptions valid until 2035.

• PFAS subgroups that are already subject to existing EU bans remain regulated under those provisions, but their quantities must still be counted toward the new cumulative limit.

• The regulation introduces mandatory waste and wastewater management measures, including:

  • Specific labelling for products containing PFAS
  • Annual PFAS management plans for professional users
    
    

A Sectoral but Strategic Step

While the regulation does not represent a universal PFAS ban, it sends a strong political and regulatory message. The targeted restriction focuses on firefighting applications - a well-documented source of PFAS emissions - balancing technical feasibility with environmental protection. The inclusion of transition periods and sector-specific exemptions reflects the complexity of finding viable alternatives in safety-critical contexts.

Looking Ahead

This move confirms the EU’s strategic direction: a gradual but determined phase-out of non-essential PFAS uses. As the Commission continues evaluating PFAS under REACH and other frameworks, additional restrictions are likely in the near future.